> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.turntable.so/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Standard Operations ## argmax Return the value of key when the expression is at its maximum value. If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## argmin Return the value of key when the expression is at its minimum value. If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## as\_scalar Convert the expression to a scalar value. Note that the execution of the scalar subquery will fail if the column expression contains more than one value. ## between Check if this expression is between lower and upper, inclusive. ## cast Cast expression to indicated data type. Type inputs can include strings, python type annotations, numpy dtypes, pandas dtypes, and pyarrow dtypes. If try\_ is True, then the cast will return null if the cast fails, otherwise it will raise an error. ## coalesce Return the first non-null value in the expression list. ## collect Collect the expression into an array. If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## combine Combine the expression into a single string using the specified separator. If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## count Return the number of non-null values in the expression, only including values when the `where` condition is true. If `distinct` is True, then the number of unique values will be returned instead of the total count. If `approx` is True and `distinct` is True, method will use approximate count distinct function, which is faster but less accurate. This is only available for count distinct. ## epoch\_seconds Return the number of seconds since the Unix epoch. ## equivalent Null-aware version of ==. Returns true if both expressions are equal or both are null. ## first Return the first value in the expression. If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## hash Compute an integer hash value of the expression. The hashing function used is dependent on the backend, so usage across dialect will likely return a different number. ## in\_ Check if this expression is in the provided set of values. Exists in place of the python `in` operator because of its requirement to evaluate to a python boolean. ## lag Return the row located at offset rows before the current row. If no row exists at offset, the default value is returned. ## last Return the last value in the expression. If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## lead Return the row located at offset rows after the current row. If no row exists at offset, the default value is returned. ## like This function is modeled after SQL's `LIKE` and `ILIKE` directives. Use `%` as a multiple-character wildcard or `_` as a single-character wildcard. For regular expressions, use `re.search`. ## match Return a value based on the first matching condition in the expression. The default value is returned if no conditions are met, otherwise null is returned. ## max Return the maximum value of the expression If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## mean Return the mean of the expression If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## median Return the median value of the expression. If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. If `approx` is True, method will use the approximate median function, which is faster but less accurate. ## min Return the minimum value of the expression If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## mode Return the mode value of the expression If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## nth Return the nth value of the expression ## quantile Return value at the given quantile. If multiple quantiles are specified, then the output will be an array of values. The output of this method a discrete quantile if the input is an float, otherwise it is a continuous quantile. ## strftime Format string may depend on the backend, but we try to conform to ANSI strftime. ## sum Return the sum of the expression If a `where` condition is specified, method only considers rows meeting the `where` condition. ## type Return the string name of the datatype of the expression. If db\_type is True, then the string will be the name of the datatype in the specific backend (e.g. duckdb), otherwise it will be cross-dialect data type name from Vinyl.